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Tailed frog
The tailed frogs are two species of frogs in the genus ''Ascaphus'', the only taxon in the family Ascaphidae . The "tail" in the name is actually an extension of the male cloaca. The tail is one of two distinctive anatomical features adapting the species to life in fast-flowing streams. It is the only North American frog that reproduces by internal fertilization.〔http://www.greendiamond.com/environment/wildlife.asp〕
Its scientific names means ‘without a spade’, from the privative prefix ''a-'' and the Ancient Greek ' (, ‘spade, shovel’), referring to the metatarsal spade, which these frogs do not have.
==Taxonomy==
Until 2001, the genus was believed to be monotypic, the single species being the tailed frog (''Ascaphus truei'' Stejneger, 1899). However in that year Nielson, Lohman, and Sullivan published evidence that promoted the Rocky Mountain tailed frog (''Ascaphus montanus'') from a subspecies to its own species. Since then, the former species has been formally called coastal tailed frog.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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